Физические постоянные фундаментальные - I

физи́ческие постоя́нные фундамента́льные

см. таблицы в приложениях.

II

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| Постоянная                                     | Обозначение                  | Числовое значение                     |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Гравитационная постоянная            | G                                   | 6,6720∙10^-11 H∙м²∙кг^-2                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Скорость света в вакууме               | c                                    | 2,99792458∙10⁸ м∙с^-1                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Магнитная постоянная                    | μ₀                                   | 4π∙10^-7 Гн∙м^-1=1,25663706144∙10 |

|                                                       |                                       | ^-6 Гн∙м^-1                                      |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Электрическая постоянная              | ε₀=(μc²)^-1                        | (4π∙с²∙10^-7)^-1=8,85418782∙10^-12     |

|                                                       |                                       | Ф∙м^-1                                          |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Постоянная Планка                         | h                                    | 6,626176∙10^-34 Дж∙с                     |

|                                                       |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

|                                                       | ħ=h/2π                           | 1,0545887∙10^-34 Дж∙с                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Масса покоя электрона                   |                                       | 9,109534∙10^-31 кг                          |

|                                                       | m_e                                  |----------------------------------------------------|

|                                                       |                                       | 5,4858026∙10^-4 а. е. м.                 |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Энергия покоя электрона                | m_ec²                               | 0,5110034 МэВ                            |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Масса покоя протона                      |                                       | 1,6726485∙10^-27 кг                        |

|                                                       | m_p                                  |----------------------------------------------------|

|                                                       |                                       | 1,007276470 а. е. м.                    |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Энергия покоя протона                    | m_pc²                               | 938,2796 МэВ                             |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Масса покоя нейтрона                    |                                       | 1,6749543∙10^-27 кг                        |

|                                                       | m_n                                  |----------------------------------------------------|

|                                                       |                                       | 1,008665012 а. е. м.                    |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Энергия покоя нейтрона                  | m_nc²                               | 939,5731 МэВ                             |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Отношение массы протона к массе | m_p/m_e                             | 1836,15152                                  |

| электрона                                       |                                       |                                                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Заряд электрона (абсолютная         |                                       | 1,6021892∙10^-19 Кл                       |

| величина)                                       | e                                    |----------------------------------------------------|

|                                                       |                                       | 4,803242∙10^-10 единиц СГСЭ        |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Отношение заряда электрона к его  | e/m_e                              | 1,7588047∙10¹¹ Кл∙кг^-1                  |

| массе                                             |                                       |                                                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Магнетон Бора                                | μ_Б=eħ/2m_e                      | 9,274078∙10^-24 Дж∙Тл^-1                 |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Ядерный магнетон                          | μ_я=eħ/2m_p                      | 5,050824∙10^-27 Дж∙Тл^-1                 |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Магнитный момент нейтрона в        | μ_n/μ_я                               | 1,91315                                       |

| ядерных магнетонах                       |                                       |                                                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Магнитный момент протона в          | μ_p/μ_я                               | 2,7928456                                   |

| ядерных магнетонах                       |                                       |                                                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Атомная единица массы (10^-3          | а. е. м.                           | 1,6605655∙10^-27 кг                        |

| кг∙моль^-1)                                        |                                       |                                                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Масса атомов в а. е. м.:                 |                                       |                                                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| водород                                          | ¹H                                  | 1,007825036                                |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| дейтерий                                        | ²H                                  | 2,014101795                                |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| гелий-4                                           | ⁴He                                | 4,002603267                                |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Постоянная Авогадро                     | N_A                                  | 6,022045∙10²³ моль^-1                    |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Постоянная Фарадея                      | F=N_A                              | 96484,56 Кл∙моль^-1                      |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Молярная газовая постоянная         | R                                   | 8,31441 Дж∙моль^-1∙К^-1                 |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Обём моля идеального газа при      |                                       |                                                   |

| нормальных условиях (1 атм, T₀     | V_m                                  | 22,41383∙10^-3∙моль^-1                    |

| =273,15K)                                       |                                       |                                                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Постоянная Больцмана                   | k=R/N_A                           | 1,380662∙10^-23 Дж∙К^-1                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Постоянная тонкой структуры         | α=μ₀ce²/2h                     | 0,0072973506                              |

|                                                       |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

|                                                       | 1/α                                 | 137,03604                                   |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Постоянная Ридберга                     |                                 | 109737331,77 м^-1                         |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Радиус первой боровской орбиты   | a₀=α/4πR_∞                      | 0,52917706∙10^-10 м                       |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Классический радиус электрона     | r_e=α²α₀=α³/4πR_∞             | 2,8179380∙10^-15 м                        |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Отношение Джозеферсона              | 2e/h                               | 4,835939∙10¹⁴ Гц∙В^-1                    |

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Квант магнитного потока                 | Ф₀=h/2e                          | 2,0678506∙10^-15 Вб                       |

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ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСТОЯННЫЕ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ - ФИЗИ́ЧЕСКИЕ ПОСТОЯ́ННЫЕ ФУНДАМЕНТА́ЛЬНЫЕ,

Гравитационная постоянная G 6,6720Ч10^-11 НЧм²Чкг^-2

Скорость света в вакууме c 2,99792458Ч10⁸ мЧс^-1

Магнитная постоянная mo 4pЧ10^-7 ГнЧм^-1= 1,25663706144Ч10^-6 ГнЧм^-1

Электрическая постоянная e_o=(m_oc²)^-1(4pЧc²Ч10^-7)^-1 = 8,85418782Ч10^-12 ФЧм^-1

Постоянная Планка h 6,626176Ч10^-34 ДжЧс

ћ=h/2p1,0545887Ч10^-34 ДжЧс

Масса покоя электрона m_e 9,109534Ч10^-31кг 5,4858026Ч10^-4 а. е. м.

Энергия покоя электрона m_ec² 0,5110034 МэВ

Масса покоя протона m_p 1,6726485Ч10^-27 кг 1,007276470 а. е. м.

Энергия покоя протона m_pc² 938,2796 МэВ

Масса покоя нейтрона m_n 1,6749543Ч10^-27 кг 1,008665012 а. е. м.

Энергия покоя нейтрона m_nc² 939,5731 МэВ

Отношение массы протона к массе нейтрона mp/me 1836,15152

Заряд электрона (абсолютная величина) e 1,6021892Ч10^-19 Кл 4,803242Ч10^-10 ед. СГСЭ

Отношение заряда электрона к его массе e/m_e 1,7588047Ч10¹¹ КлЧкг^-1

Магнетон Бора m_Б=eћ/2m_e9,274078Ч10^-24 ДжЧТл^-1

Ядерный магнетон m_N=eћ/2m_p5,050824Ч10^-27 ДжЧТл^-1

Магнитный момент нейтрона в ядерных магнетонах mn/mN 1,91315

Магнитный момент протона в ядерных магнетонах mp/mN 2,7928456

Атомная единица массы (10^-3 кгЧмоль ^-1) а. е. м. 1,6605655Ч10^-27 кг

Масса атомов в а.е. м.:

водород ¹H 1,007825036

дейтерий ²H 2,014101795

гелий-4 ⁴He 4,002603267

Постоянная Авогадро N_A 6,022045Ч10²³ моль^-1

Постоянная Фарадея F=N_Ae96484,56 КлЧмоль^-1

Молярная газовая постоянная R 8,31441 ДжЧмоль^-1ЧК^-1

Объем моля идеального газа при нормальных условиях (1 атм, T_o=273,15 К) V_m 22,41383Ч10^-3 моль^-1

Постоянная Больцмана k=R/N_A 1,380662Ч10^-23 ДжЧК^-1

Постоянная тонкой структуры a=m₀ce²/2h 1/a0,0072973506 137,03604

Постоянная Ридберга R_Ґ=m₀m_ee⁴ с³/8h 210973731,77 м^-1

Радиус первой боровской орбиты a₀=a/4pR_Ґ 0,52917706Ч10^-10 м

Классический радиус электронаr_e=a²a₀=a³/4pRҐ 2,8179380Ч10^-15 м

Отношение Джозефсона 2e/h 4,835939Ч10¹⁴ ГцЧВ^-1

Квант магнитного потока Ф₀=h/2e 2,0678506Ч10^-15 Вб

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